Irish Architectural Archive Online Catalogue | Details

Sidebar content	Main content
Actions Displays	John Bull's Other Homes. Remove from selection Add to selection TitleJohn Bull's Other Homes.; State Housing and British Policy in Ireland, 1883-1922. Author Murray Fraser Default shelfmarkCS.FRA.1.0 Place of publicationLiverpool PublisherLiverpool University Press Year of publication1996 MaterialBook ISBNSoft0-85323-680-1 Binding methodSoft NotesBiblio; index; illus. Source 412pp Persons keyword Murray Fraser +- Birth notes: fl 1968 - History/Biography: Lecturer, School of Architecture, Oxford Brookes Univ.ersity. Later Prof. of Architecture and Global Culture, Bartlett School of Architecture, 2011 - William Alphonsus Scott +- Date of Birth: 1871 Date of death: 1921 History/Biography: architect Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/4766 Thomas Joseph Byrne +- Date of Birth: 1876 Date of death: 1939 History/Biography: architect, South Dublin Rural District (1901-), Housing Inspector (1919) and Chief Architect for OPW (1923) Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/882 Anthony Scott +- Date of Birth: 1844 Date of death: 1919 History/Biography: architect Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/4764 Rudolf Maximilian Butler +- Date of Birth: 1872 Date of death: 1943 History/Biography: architect and engineer, of Dublin. Prof. of Architecture, University College Dublin 1924 - 1943. Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/807 William John Fennell +- Date of death: 1923 History/Biography: Belfast Architect Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/1871 Congested Districts Board Patrick Abercrombie +- Date of Birth: 1879 Date of death: 1957 History/Biography: British architect and town planner Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/140 Chillingworth and Levie +- History/Biography: Architects Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/1024 Dublin Artisans' Dwelling Company +- History/Biography: Dublin Artisans Dwellings Company: The Artizans’ [sic] and Labourers’ Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 (the ‘Cross Act’) empowered local authorities to acquire by compulsory purchase derelict or vacant properties and to lease the sites to private commercial companies for the purposes of constructing working-class housing. Responses to the act included the Improved Dwellings Company in Cork, and the Thomond Artisans Dwellings Co. in Limerick, but the earliest and by far the most successful was the Dublin Artisans Dwelling Company, established in June 1876. Within a year, Thomas Newenham Deane (1827-99) and Thomas Drew (1838-1910) were engaged on three separate projects for the Company, the former on Temple Buildings, Upper Dominick Street, and Echlin Street Buildings, and the latter on Buckingham Street Buildings. These earliest developments were mainly of blocks of one- or two-room flats but the Company quickly concluded that flats, though cheaper to build, were less popular and hence less profitable than individual houses. In 1881, the cluster of small squares that constituted Drew's Coombe scheme became the first of the Company's developments to consist solely of houses. Charles Ashworth (1862-1926) was appointed architect to the Company in July 1890 and designed the majority of the its developments including the largest, the Manor Place or Oxmantown scheme (1891-1908). Ashworth's schemes were typically terraces of single-storey cottages, with rendered or red-brick facades, and two-storey red-brick houses laid out in groups of parallel streets, a template readily followed by Dublin’s municipal authorities and hence one that came to characterise whole areas of the City well beyond the boundaries of the Company’s activities. To control costs and speed construction, a small number of common house designs were used across the Company schemes, evolving over time to remain at the forefront of standards considered acceptable for working class housing. The simplest house, designated ‘Type A’, was a two-roomed cottage with one fireplace and was in use from the early 1880s to the late 1890s. By comparison, ‘Type F’, first introduced by Ashworth in 1897, was a six-roomed two-storey house with separate kitchen and six fireplaces. In all house types, the WC was located with a coal shed in the rear yard. Successive housing legislation allowed for completed schemes to be mortgaged to the Board of Works to provide further building capital, while income from the relatively high rents charged by the Company provided its profit, enabling it to pay dividends to its shareholders (beginning as early as 1878) and to remunerate its directors. The Company carefully vetted its tenants and kept a close eye on numbers occupying houses; sub-letting was allowed but overcrowding was not. The long-established custom, official policy from 1922, for vacant properties to be offered first to children of existing tenants resulted in a stable and exclusive population which at its height numbered some 16,000. Shops were built for most schemes and dairies were facilitated but requests to open licensed premises were consistently refused. The outbreak of World War I interrupted building activity, a hiatus prolonged well beyond the end of the war by a protracted rent strike. Three further schemes were built from 1929 to 1933, designed by James Bramwell Smith (1884-1961), Ashworth’s successor as Company architect. The basic dwelling had now evolved into an eight-roomed house with a kitchen, an internal bathroom, front and back gardens and mains electricity. Citing what it regarded as unfair competition from local authorities who were now providing working-class housing irrespective of profitability, the Company built no further schemes after 1933. In 1961, with its building stock aging and increasingly un-remunerative, it adopted the policy of selling off its houses and investing in purely commercial property. The last of the houses were sold in 1979 and the Co George Luke O'Connor +- Date of death: 1947 History/Biography: architect Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/4120 Charles James McCarthy +- Date of Birth: 1857 Date of death: 1947 History/Biography: Dublin City Architect Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/3746/ Thomas Manly Deane +- Date of Birth: 1851 Date of death: 1932 History/Biography: architect, of Dublin Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/1432 Daniel J. Freeman +- Date of death: 1902 History/Biography: Dublin City Architect, 1879 - 1893 Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/2024 Joseph and Smithem +- Birth notes: est. 1885 History/Biography: London-based architectural practice, formed in 1885 by Nathan Solomon Joseph and Charles James Smithem. Digital reference: http://www.dia.ie/architects/view/2867

TitleJohn Bull's Other Homes.; State Housing and British Policy in Ireland, 1883-1922.

Author

Murray Fraser

Default shelfmarkCS.FRA.1.0

Place of publicationLiverpool

PublisherLiverpool University Press

Year of publication1996

MaterialBook

ISBNSoft0-85323-680-1

Binding methodSoft

NotesBiblio; index; illus.

Source

412pp

Persons keyword

Murray Fraser +

William Alphonsus Scott +

Thomas Joseph Byrne +

Anthony Scott +

Rudolf Maximilian Butler +

William John Fennell +

Congested Districts Board

Patrick Abercrombie +

Chillingworth and Levie +

Dublin Artisans' Dwelling Company +

History/Biography: Dublin Artisans Dwellings Company: The Artizans’ [sic] and Labourers’ Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 (the ‘Cross Act’) empowered local authorities to acquire by compulsory purchase derelict or vacant properties and to lease the sites to private commercial companies for the purposes of constructing working-class housing. Responses to the act included the Improved Dwellings Company in Cork, and the Thomond Artisans Dwellings Co. in Limerick, but the earliest and by far the most successful was the Dublin Artisans Dwelling Company, established in June 1876. Within a year, Thomas Newenham Deane (1827-99) and Thomas Drew (1838-1910) were engaged on three separate projects for the Company, the former on Temple Buildings, Upper Dominick Street, and Echlin Street Buildings, and the latter on Buckingham Street Buildings. These earliest developments were mainly of blocks of one- or two-room flats but the Company quickly concluded that flats, though cheaper to build, were less popular and hence less profitable than individual houses. In 1881, the cluster of small squares that constituted Drew's Coombe scheme became the first of the Company's developments to consist solely of houses. Charles Ashworth (1862-1926) was appointed architect to the Company in July 1890 and designed the majority of the its developments including the largest, the Manor Place or Oxmantown scheme (1891-1908). Ashworth's schemes were typically terraces of single-storey cottages, with rendered or red-brick facades, and two-storey red-brick houses laid out in groups of parallel streets, a template readily followed by Dublin’s municipal authorities and hence one that came to characterise whole areas of the City well beyond the boundaries of the Company’s activities. To control costs and speed construction, a small number of common house designs were used across the Company schemes, evolving over time to remain at the forefront of standards considered acceptable for working class housing. The simplest house, designated ‘Type A’, was a two-roomed cottage with one fireplace and was in use from the early 1880s to the late 1890s. By comparison, ‘Type F’, first introduced by Ashworth in 1897, was a six-roomed two-storey house with separate kitchen and six fireplaces. In all house types, the WC was located with a coal shed in the rear yard. Successive housing legislation allowed for completed schemes to be mortgaged to the Board of Works to provide further building capital, while income from the relatively high rents charged by the Company provided its profit, enabling it to pay dividends to its shareholders (beginning as early as 1878) and to remunerate its directors. The Company carefully vetted its tenants and kept a close eye on numbers occupying houses; sub-letting was allowed but overcrowding was not. The long-established custom, official policy from 1922, for vacant properties to be offered first to children of existing tenants resulted in a stable and exclusive population which at its height numbered some 16,000. Shops were built for most schemes and dairies were facilitated but requests to open licensed premises were consistently refused. The outbreak of World War I interrupted building activity, a hiatus prolonged well beyond the end of the war by a protracted rent strike. Three further schemes were built from 1929 to 1933, designed by James Bramwell Smith (1884-1961), Ashworth’s successor as Company architect. The basic dwelling had now evolved into an eight-roomed house with a kitchen, an internal bathroom, front and back gardens and mains electricity. Citing what it regarded as unfair competition from local authorities who were now providing working-class housing irrespective of profitability, the Company built no further schemes after 1933. In 1961, with its building stock aging and increasingly un-remunerative, it adopted the policy of selling off its houses and investing in purely commercial property. The last of the houses were sold in 1979 and the Co

George Luke O'Connor +

Charles James McCarthy +

Thomas Manly Deane +

Daniel J. Freeman +

Joseph and Smithem +

Item request date
Expected return date
Destination